sw, c Palearctic in rocky alpine barrens, meadows, buildings: n Spain, s France to Austria, Corsica, Balkans and Greece, s, e Turkey, Caucasus to sw Russia, s, nw Iran, c, e Afghanistan, Tajikistan, Kyrgyzstan and se Kazakhstan through Xinjiang (nw China)
Czech Republic,Portugal,Turkey,Croatia,Slovenia,Serbia,Azerbaijan,Bulgaria,Iraq,Greece,Germany,Uzbekistan,France,Mongolia,Hungary,Liechtenstein,Pakistan,China,Armenia,Turkmenistan,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Tajikistan,Poland,Spain,Macedonia,Switzerland,Luxembourg,Iran,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,Austria,Kazakhstan,Italy,Georgia,Afghanistan,Andorra,Albania,Montenegro,
Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
nivalis
s Europe
leucura
s, e Turkey
alpicola
the Caucasus and n Iran to Afghanistan
gaddi
sw Iran
tianshanica
e Kazakhstan and n Tajikistan
groumgrzimaili
nw China to c Mongolia
kwenlunensis
Kunlun Shan, Altun Shan, and Nan Shan (s Xinjiang, w China)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)