Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
Sweden,Japan,Latvia,United Kingdom,Netherlands,Ireland,Iceland,Poland,Norway,Canada,Russia,Finland,Greenland,Denmark,United States - Alaska,United States - mainland,
Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
lomvia
ne Canada to Novaya Zemlya (nw Russia)
eleonorae
e Taymyr Pen. to New Siberia islands (nc Russia)
heckeri
Wrangel I., Herald I. and Chukchi Pen. (ne Siberia)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
EU
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
