s temperate to subtropical sw, sc Palearctic in riparian and cultivated areas: Madeira, Canary and Cape Verde Is. (Macaronesia, nw, w of n Africa), patchily from Iberian Pen., Sardinia, Greece, Balkans, Cyprus and Turkey through s Kazakhstan and nw Xinjia
Nonbreeding Range Subregions
to n Sahara Desert, n, c Nile Valley, Red Sea and Persian Gulf coasts, s Iran and Pakistan through sub-Himalayan nw India
Similar to [House Sparrow] but male has a red cap. Females very similar, but Spanish may be more 'boldly marked' ({HBW}). Unlike House Sparrows, Spanish Sparrows are found in open fields in large groups.
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
