Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
Sweden,Nepal,Czech Republic,Portugal,Japan,Latvia,Turkey,Tunisia,Morocco,Croatia,United Kingdom,Slovenia,Israel,India - mainland,Belize,Algeria,Serbia,Azerbaijan,Bulgaria,Lebanon,Iraq,Belarus,Netherlands,Ukraine,Romania,Greece,Germany,San Marino,Belgium,Uzbekistan,France,Libya,Syria,Mongolia,Hungary,Liechtenstein,Pakistan,China,Gibraltar,Estonia,Guatemala,Armenia,Turkmenistan,Honduras,Ireland,Nicaragua,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Iceland,Mexico,El Salvador,Slovakia,Tajikistan,Poland,Moldova,Spain,Egypt,Macedonia,Switzerland,Lithuania,Norway,Canada,Cyprus,Luxembourg,Iran,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,Finland,Austria,Kazakhstan,Jordan,Italy,Bhutan,Georgia,Afghanistan,Greenland,Denmark,Andorra,Albania,United States - Alaska,United States - mainland,Montenegro,
Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
principalis
Alaska, Canada (except the sw), Greenland and n, e USA
tibetanus
c Asia
canariensis
Canary Is.
tingitanus
n Africa
laurencei
Greece, Cyprus and Turkey to w China and n India
hispanus
Iberian Pen., Italy and Mediterranean islands
corax
nw Europe through c Europe to c Siberia
varius
Iceland and Faroe Is.
clarionensis
sw USA and nw Mexico
sinuatus
sw Canada through wc USA to Mexico and Nicaragua
kamtschaticus
w Mongolia, e Siberia, ne China, n Japan and nearby islands
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
