Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
Trindade I. (e of e Brazil, nw South Atlantic Ocean)
iredalei
sw tropical South Indian Ocean islands: Europa (w of s Madagascar, Mozambique Channel), Aldabra (w Aldabra group, sw Seychelles), St. Brandon (n of Mascarenes), Maldives and Chagos Arch. (nc Indian Ocean)
ariel
Cocos (Keeling) Is. (ec Indian Ocean), Ashmore Reef (nw of Australia), islands off nw WA and Gulf of Carpentaria (nc Australia), Great Barrier Reef and Coral Sea is. (ne Australia), Tench I. (St. Matthias group, nc Bismarck Arch.), Chesterfield Is. (w of
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
