Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
mainly subarctic to subtropical Palearctic and Oriental region in anthropogenic habitats: Faroe and British Is., n Scandinavia e through subarctic Russia to Kamchatka; in s through Iberian Pen., n Africa including Nile Valley, n Eritrea, Arabian Pen., Ind
Sweden,Nepal,Somalia,Seychelles,Mozambique,Czech Republic,South Africa,Peru,Indonesia,Argentina,Portugal,Netherlands Antilles,Latvia,Turkey,Tunisia,Morocco,Malawi,Mauritius,Maldives,Bangladesh,Brazil,Paraguay,Ecuador - mainland,Croatia,Virgin Islands,Swaziland,Jamaica,United Kingdom,Slovenia,Israel,Madagascar,India - mainland,Belize,Botswana,Namibia,Algeria,Bahamas,Serbia,Laos,Azerbaijan,Bulgaria,Lebanon,Iraq,Thailand,Barbados,Singapore,Belarus,Netherlands,Vietnam,Niger,Ukraine,Romania,Greece,Germany,Belgium,Monaco,Chile,French Guiana,Uzbekistan,Haiti,Costa Rica,France,United Arab Emirates,Cambodia,Libya,Panama,Uruguay,Syria,Puerto Rico,Mongolia,Hungary,Zambia,Trinidad and Tobago,Liechtenstein,Pakistan,Sri Lanka,China,Gibraltar,Estonia,Ivory Coast,Guatemala,Armenia,Saudi Arabia,Oman,Turkmenistan,Honduras,Ireland,Vanuatu,Qatar,Nicaragua,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Mexico,El Salvador,Slovakia,Tajikistan,Poland,Cuba,Moldova,Spain,Kenya,Bolivia,Egypt,Australia,Macedonia,Switzerland,Lithuania,Norway,Canada,Cyprus,Luxembourg,Dominican Republic,Papua New Guinea,Bermuda,Iran,Mauritania,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,Finland,Tanzania,Austria,Kazakhstan,Cape Verde,Jordan,Lesotho,Italy,Zimbabwe,Bhutan,New Zealand,Yemen,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Colombia,Gambia,Liberia,Myanmar,Bahrain,Reunion,Kuwait,Georgia,New Caledonia,Sudan,Afghanistan,Denmark,Senegal,Andorra,Albania,United States - Hawaii,United States - mainland,Democratic Republic of Congo,Comoros,India - Andaman and Nicobar Islands,South Sudan,Montenegro,
Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
domesticus
w, n Europe through n Asia to ne Siberia and n Japan, introduced in the Americas, South Africa and Australia
niloticus
Egypt
tingitanus
nw Africa
hufufae
ne Arabia
parkini
nw, c Himalayas
bactrianus
w Turkmenistan and ne Iran to w China and nw Pakistan
indicus
s Israel and s Palestine through Arabia and e to India and c se Asia
persicus
c Iran to w, s Afghanistan
hyrcanus
se Azerbaijan and n Iran
biblicus
Cyprus, n Israel and nw Jordan to w Syria and se Turkey to nw Iran
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
