Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
Sweden,Nepal,Czech Republic,Japan,Latvia,Turkey,Morocco,Croatia,United Kingdom,Israel,India - mainland,Serbia,Azerbaijan,Bulgaria,Lebanon,Iraq,Belarus,Netherlands,Ukraine,Romania,Greece,Germany,Uzbekistan,France,Syria,Mongolia,Hungary,Pakistan,China,Estonia,Armenia,Turkmenistan,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Mexico,Tajikistan,Poland,Moldova,Spain,Macedonia,Switzerland,Lithuania,Norway,Canada,Luxembourg,Iran,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,Finland,Austria,Kazakhstan,Bhutan,Colombia,Georgia,Afghanistan,Denmark,Albania,United States - Alaska,United States - mainland,Montenegro,
Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
khamensis
sw, sc China
atlas
Morocco
brandti
se European Russia to w Mongolia and n China
flava
n Europe and n Asia
peregrina
Colombia
oaxacae
s Mexico
chrysolaema
wc to ec Mexico
diaphora
s Coahuila to ne Puebla (nc, e Mexico)
lactea
Coahuila (nc Mexico)
balcanica
s Balkans and Greece
kumerloevei
w, c Asia Minor
penicillata
e Turkey and the Caucasus to Iran
elwesi
s, e Tibetan Plateau
longirostris
ne Pakistan and w Himalayas
nigrifrons
ne Qinghai (wc China)
przewalskii
n Qinghai (wc China)
teleschowi
w and wc China
argalea
extreme w China
albigula
ne Iran and Turkmenistan to nw Pakistan
bicornis
Lebanon to Israel-Syria border
aphrasta
Chihuahua and Durango (nw Mexico)
giraudi
coastal sc USA and ne Mexico
enthymia
sc Canada to Oklahoma and Texas (c USA)
leucolaema
s Alberta (sw Canada) through nc and c USA
lamprochroma
inland mountains of w USA
alpina
mountains of w Washington (nw USA)
strigata
coastal s British Columbia (w Canada) to coastal Oregon (w USA)
merrilli
w coast of Canada and USA
alpestris
e Canada
hoyti
n Canada
praticola
se Canada and ne, ec USA
sierrae
mountains of ne California (w USA)
rubea
c California (w USA)
enertera
c Baja California (nw Mexico)
adusta
s Arizona and s New Mexico (sw USA); nc Mexico?
occidentalis
n Arizona to c New Mexico (sw USA)
leucansiptila
deserts of s Nevada, w Arizona (sw USA) and nw Mexico
ammophila
deserts of se California and sw Nevada (sw USA)
actia
coastal mountains of s California (w USA) and n Baja California (nw Mexico)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
