Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
Iceland, Scandinavia to e Russia; s, c Alaska, w, c Canada and n tier of w, c contiguous USA states
Nonbreeding Range Subregions
to coasts of North Sea, n Mediterranean and w Asian seas; Korean Pen. and Japan; Aleutian Is. to n Baja California (nw Mexico); w North Atlantic and Gulf of Mexico coasts to c Florida
Sweden,Czech Republic,Japan,Latvia,Turkey,Tunisia,Croatia,United Kingdom,Slovenia,India - mainland,Algeria,Taiwan,Serbia,Azerbaijan,Bulgaria,Belarus,Netherlands,Ukraine,Romania,Greece,Germany,Uzbekistan,France,Libya,Mongolia,Hungary,Pakistan,China,Estonia,Guatemala,Armenia,Turkmenistan,Ireland,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Iceland,Mexico,El Salvador,South Korea,Poland,Moldova,Spain,Macedonia,Switzerland,Lithuania,Norway,Canada,Cyprus,Luxembourg,Iran,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,Finland,Austria,Kazakhstan,Georgia,Afghanistan,Denmark,Albania,United States - Alaska,United States - mainland,Montenegro,
Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
auritus
Iceland, Scandinavia through n Kazakhstan and nw Mongolia to s Chukotka, Sakhalin and Kamchatka (e Russia)
cornutus
subarctic s, c Alaska mainland, w, c Canada and n tier of w, c contiguous USA states
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
