Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
Guyana,Peru,Argentina,Brazil,Paraguay,Ecuador - mainland,Belize,French Guiana,Costa Rica,Uruguay,Trinidad and Tobago,Suriname,Guatemala,Honduras,Nicaragua,Mexico,French Polynesia,El Salvador,Bolivia,Canada,Colombia,Venezuela,United States - Alaska,United States - mainland,
Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
algistus
w Alaska
nacurutu
e Colombia through the Guianas to n, e Brazil, Argentina, Bolivia and c Peru
nigrescens
Colombia to nw Peru
mesembrinus
s Mexico to w Panama
mayensis
Yucatán Pen. (se Mexico)
elachistus
s Baja California (Mexico)
virginianus
se Canada to c, e USA
heterocnemis
ne Canada to the Great Lakes region
pinorum
s Idaho to n Arizona and n New Mexico (USA)
pallescens
sw USA to s Mexico
subarcticus
wc Canada to n Idaho (USA)
pacificus
coastal c California (USA) to nw Baja California (Mexico)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
