Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
Sweden,Nepal,Cayman Islands,Anguilla,Somalia,Guinea,Turks and Caicos Islands,Guyana,Mozambique,Czech Republic,Ethiopia,Equatorial Guinea,South Africa,Peru,Indonesia,Argentina,Portugal,Nigeria,Netherlands Antilles,Japan,Antigua and Barbuda,Turkey,Micronesia,Tunisia,Malawi,Maldives,Bangladesh,Brazil,Paraguay,Ecuador - mainland,Mali,Croatia,Virgin Islands,Swaziland,Jamaica,Dominica,Slovenia,Israel,Madagascar,India - mainland,Belize,Botswana,Namibia,Malta,Algeria,Bahamas,Taiwan,Serbia,Laos,Azerbaijan,Bulgaria,Lebanon,Iraq,Thailand,Barbados,Singapore,Belarus,Netherlands,Vietnam,Niger,Ukraine,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Romania,Cameroon,Greece,Grenada,Germany,Burkina Faso,Chile,Palestine,French Guiana,Uzbekistan,Haiti,Costa Rica,France,United Arab Emirates,Malaysia,Cambodia,Libya,Panama,Rwanda,North Korea,Uruguay,Syria,Benin,Puerto Rico,Mongolia,Hungary,Zambia,Trinidad and Tobago,Saint Lucia,Liechtenstein,Pakistan,Hong Kong,Macao,Sri Lanka,Suriname,China,Sierra Leone,Estonia,Eritrea,Angola,Ivory Coast,Guatemala,Armenia,Saudi Arabia,Guinea-Bissau,Oman,Turkmenistan,Honduras,Qatar,Nicaragua,Philippines,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Ghana,Mexico,French Polynesia,Djibouti,El Salvador,Slovakia,Tajikistan,South Korea,Solomon Islands,Poland,Togo,Cuba,Moldova,Spain,Gabon,Kenya,Bolivia,Egypt,Macedonia,Switzerland,Lithuania,Norway,Montserrat,Canada,Cyprus,Luxembourg,Dominican Republic,Papua New Guinea,Bermuda,Iran,Mauritania,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,Finland,Tanzania,Chad,Austria,Kazakhstan,Jordan,Lesotho,Uganda,Italy,Zimbabwe,Bhutan,Sao Tome and Principe,New Zealand,Yemen,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Colombia,Gambia,Liberia,Myanmar,Burundi,Bahrain,Kuwait,Venezuela,Georgia,Sudan,Afghanistan,Denmark,Senegal,Albania,British Virgin Islands,United States - mainland,Central African Republic,Democratic Republic of Congo,Comoros,India - Andaman and Nicobar Islands,Ecuador - Galapagos Islands,South Sudan,Montenegro,
Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
alba
c Europe to ne Asia s to n, c Africa and s Asia
melanorhynchos
Africa s of the Sahara
modesta
s, e Asia to Mindanao (s Philippines), Indonesian Arch. and Australasia
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
