Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
Anguilla,Guyana,Netherlands Antilles,Antigua and Barbuda,Brazil,Dominica,Barbados,Saint Kitts and Nevis,Grenada,French Guiana,Trinidad and Tobago,Saint Lucia,Suriname,Montserrat,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Colombia,Venezuela,
Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
guadeloupensis
nc Lesser Antilles
inflexirostris
St. Lucia (c Lesser Antilles)
luminosus
Grenada and the Grenadines (s Lesser Antilles) and Los Testigos (off ne Venezuela)
orquillensis
Los Hermanos (off ne Venezuela)
insularis
Margarita I. and Los Frailes (off ne Venezuela)
lugubris
Trinidad, n Venezuela, the Guianas and ne Brazil
contrusus
St. Vincent (s Lesser Antilles)
fortirostris
Barbados (s Lesser Antilles); introduced to Antigua, Barbuda and St. Kitts (c Lesser Antilles)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
