Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
coastal far s Greenland, inland Iceland, temperate and subarctic w Europe across Russia to Yakutsk region, Kamchatka, Sakhalin (e Russia); in south through Caspian Sea, n Central Asia, n, c Mongolia and ne China; also wc Newfoundland (se Canada)
Nonbreeding Range Subregions
AF, IO, OR : to coasts and offshore waters of n Atlantic Canada, se Greenland, North Sea and w Atlantic to Mediterranean and marginal seas; to Canary Is. and wc Africa; Arabian Sea and associated gulfs, n Indian Ocean; w North Pacific coasts from Japan to
Sweden,Nepal,Somalia,Guinea,Mozambique,Czech Republic,Ethiopia,Indonesia,Portugal,Nigeria,Netherlands Antilles,Japan,Latvia,Turkey,Micronesia,Tunisia,Morocco,Maldives,Mali,Croatia,United Kingdom,Slovenia,Israel,India - mainland,Malta,Algeria,Taiwan,Serbia,Laos,Azerbaijan,Bulgaria,Lebanon,Iraq,Thailand,Singapore,Belarus,Netherlands,Vietnam,Niger,Ukraine,Romania,Cameroon,Greece,Germany,San Marino,Belgium,Burkina Faso,Monaco,Palestine,Uzbekistan,France,United Arab Emirates,Malaysia,Guam,Cambodia,Libya,Rwanda,North Korea,Syria,Benin,Mongolia,Hungary,Zambia,Trinidad and Tobago,Liechtenstein,Pakistan,Hong Kong,Macao,Sri Lanka,China,Sierra Leone,Gibraltar,Western Sahara,Estonia,Eritrea,Ivory Coast,Armenia,Saudi Arabia,Guinea-Bissau,Oman,Turkmenistan,Ireland,Qatar,Philippines,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Iceland,Ghana,Djibouti,Slovakia,Tajikistan,South Korea,Poland,Moldova,Spain,Gabon,Kenya,Egypt,Australia,Macedonia,Switzerland,Lithuania,Norway,Canada,Cyprus,Luxembourg,Papua New Guinea,Bermuda,Iran,Northern Mariana Islands,Mauritania,Kyrgyzstan,Russia,Finland,Tanzania,Palau,Chad,Austria,Kazakhstan,Cape Verde,Jordan,Uganda,Italy,Yemen,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Gambia,Liberia,Myanmar,Burundi,Bahrain,Kuwait,Georgia,Sudan,Afghanistan,Greenland,Denmark,Senegal,Albania,British Virgin Islands,United States - mainland,Democratic Republic of Congo,South Sudan,Montenegro,
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
