Ridgely, R. S., T. F. Allnutt, T. Brooks, D. K. McNicol, D. W. Mehlman, B. E. Young, and J. R. Zook. 2005. Digital Distribution Maps of the Birds of the Western Hemisphere, version 2.1. NatureServe, Arlington, Virginia, USA. Additional updates and changes by BirdPhotos.com 2016.
high Arctic (locally to subarctic) dry tundra: Wrangel I. (n of ne Siberia and e Chukotskiy Pen. (far ne Siberia), n, c Alaska, n Canada including Arctic islands from Banks to Ellesmere and Baffin is. and nw Greenland
Nonbreeding Range Subregions
w, s SA : inland including montane and coastal from s Peru through Chile and c, s Argentina
Guyana,Peru,Argentina,Netherlands Antilles,Brazil,Paraguay,Ecuador - mainland,Belize,Chile,French Guiana,Costa Rica,Panama,Uruguay,Trinidad and Tobago,Suriname,Guatemala,Honduras,Nicaragua,Mexico,El Salvador,Bolivia,Canada,Colombia,Venezuela,Greenland,United States - Alaska,United States - mainland,
{Northern migrant}. Winters high in the arctic and returns to other side of the globe, as far south as the southern tip of Argentina. Often found at high altitudes. Note brown spots on chest, small size, long wing tips, eyebrow, and all black bill.
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
