Afghanistan,Albania,Austria,Belarus,Belgium,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria,China,Croatia,Czech Republic, Denmark,Estonia,Finland,Germany,Greece,Hungary,Italy,Japan,Kazakhstan,Kyrgyzstan, Latvia,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Macedonia,Moldova,Mongolia,Montenegro,Netherlands,North Korea, Norway,Poland,Romania,Russia,Serbia,Slovakia,Slovenia,Sweden,Switzerland,Ukraine, United Kingdom,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
kleinschmidti
Britain
affinis
nc China
songarus
se Kazakhstan to Kyrgyzstan and nw China
restrictus
Japan
sachalinensis
Sakhalin I. and s Kuril Is.
kamtschatkensis
Kamchatka Pen. and n Kuril Is.
anadyrensis
ne Siberia
baicalensis
ec, e Siberia, n Mongolia, n China and n Korea
uralensis
se European Russia, w Siberia and Kazakhstan
borealis
Scandinavia s to Ukraine
salicarius
Germany and w Poland to ne Switzerland and Austria
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)