Royal Flycatchers are patchily distributed in tropical forests from Mexico to Southeast Brazil. There are several different isolated subspecies that differ slightly in plumage but not significantly in voice, and there is little consensus among ornithologists as to whether they should be considered separate species or not. This bird belongs to the subspecies endemic to the Tumbesian region of western Ecuador and northwestern Peru, which is more tawny than any of the other subspecies; compare with the next photos. They almost never reveal their amazing fan-like crest.
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
