Elbow Cay (e of c Abaco, n Bahamas), Long Cay (Exumas, ec Bahamas), off n Cuba, e of Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles (Caribbean Sea); Crab Cay (Providencia Is., e of Nicaragua); Tiger Cay (Bocos del Toro Arch., Caribbean nw Panama); is. Los Roques, O
Nonbreeding Range Subregions
to Gulf Stream n to New England (w North Atlantic) and Gulf of Mexico
Anguilla,Antigua and Barbuda,Bahamas,Belize,Bermuda,British Virgin Islands,Canada,Colombia,Costa Rica,Cuba, Dominican Republic,Guatemala,Haiti,Honduras,Mexico,Netherlands Antilles,Nicaragua,Panama,Puerto Rico,Trinidad and Tobago, United States - mainland,Venezuela,Virgin Islands,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
lherminieri
Caribbean islets: Elbow Cay (e of c Abaco, n Bahamas), Long Cay (Exumas, ec Bahamas), islets off n Cuba, e of Puerto Rico, and the Lesser Antilles (Caribbean Sea); Crab Cay (Providencia Is., far e of Nicaragua)
loyemilleri
Bocas del Toro Arch. (islets just off n Caribbean Panama), is. Los Roques, Orchila and Los Hermanos (n of c Venezuela); and islets of Fernando de Noronha (e of n Brazil)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)