One of my all-time favourite birds -just oozing with character!
Ground-hornbills pair for life but have a cooperative breeding strategy with helpers assisting in the feeding of dependent young. Unfortunately they have an amazingly low productivity; observations in South Africa show that on average only one chick is reared to fledging every 9 years (Kemp, 1995)!
It takes a chick at least 6 years to reach maturity and though long-lived these bird are clearly very susceptible to any form of disturbance!
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Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)