This bird's contortions to dispute with a neighbour tipped its centre of gravity toppling the bird off the cliff ledge!
Isle of May, Firth of Forth, Fife, Scotland.
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Algeria,Austria,Canada,Croatia,Denmark,Egypt,Estonia,Finland,France,Germany, Gibraltar,Greenland,Hungary,Iceland,Ireland,Latvia,Lithuania,Mauritania,Morocco,Netherlands, Norway,Poland,Portugal,Romania,Russia,Serbia,Slovenia,Spain,Sweden,Tunisia, United Kingdom,United States - mainland,Western Sahara,
IOC 11.2 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
torda
ne North America, Greenland to n Scandinavia and the White Sea
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
EU
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
