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Cambodia,China,French Polynesia,India - Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India - mainland,Indonesia,Japan,Malaysia,Myanmar,New Caledonia, Papua New Guinea,Philippines,Singapore,Solomon Islands,Sri Lanka,Taiwan,Thailand,Tonga,Vanuatu,Vietnam,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
javanica
s Myanmar and Andaman Is. to s Vietnam, e to Philippines and s to Moluccas and Greater and Lesser Sundas
namiyei
Ryukyu Is. (s Japan) and Taiwan
frontalis
n, w New Guinea including Raja Ampat Is. (nw New Guinea), Aru Is. (sw of New Guinea), Geelvink Bay is. and islands off n coast
albescens
s, e New Guinea and satellites
ambiens
New Britain and satellites (se Bismarck Arch.)
subfusca
Admiralty Is., New Ireland and satellites (n Bismarck Arch.) to Solomon Is. (except Rennell and including Temotu), Ouvea (w Loyalty Is., New Caledonia), and Vanuatu to Fiji and Tonga (w, c Micronesia)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
EU
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
