Afghanistan,Albania,Algeria,Angola,Argentina,Armenia,Australia,Austria,Azerbaijan,Belarus, Belgium,Belize,Benin,Bermuda,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Botswana,British Virgin Islands,Bulgaria,Burkina Faso,Burundi, Cameroon,Canada,Chad,China,Colombia,Congo,Costa Rica,Croatia,Cyprus,Czech Republic, Democratic Republic of Congo,Denmark,Djibouti,Dominican Republic,Ecuador - mainland,Egypt,El Salvador,Equatorial Guinea,Eritrea,Estonia, Ethiopia,Finland,France,French Guiana,Gabon,Gambia,Georgia,Germany,Ghana,Gibraltar, Greece,Guatemala,Guinea,Guinea-Bissau,Guyana,Haiti,Honduras,Hungary,India - mainland,Iran, Iraq,Ireland,Israel,Italy,Ivory Coast,Jamaica,Japan,Jordan,Kazakhstan,Kenya, Kyrgyzstan,Latvia,Lebanon,Liberia,Libya,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Luxembourg,Macedonia,Madagascar, Mali,Malta,Mauritania,Mexico,Moldova,Mongolia,Montenegro,Morocco,Namibia,Netherlands, Netherlands Antilles,Nicaragua,Niger,Nigeria,Norway,Panama,Peru,Poland,Portugal,Puerto Rico, Romania,Russia,Rwanda,Saudi Arabia,Senegal,Serbia,Sierra Leone,Slovakia,Slovenia,Somalia, South Africa,Spain,Sri Lanka,Suriname,Sweden,Switzerland,Syria,Taiwan,Tajikistan,Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,Tunisia,Turkey,Turkmenistan,Uganda,Ukraine,United Kingdom,United States - mainland,Uruguay,Uzbekistan, Venezuela,Western Sahara,Yemen,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
niger
inland Europe (except British Isles and n Scandinavia) to c Asia, sc Russia and nw Mongolia
surinamensis
inland wc Northwest Territories and e British Columbia to s James Bay and se Maritime Provinces (nw to se Canada) to c California, Kansas, Great Lakes and Maine (nw, wc to ne USA)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
