American Samoa,Australia,Brazil,Chile,China,Colombia,Comoros,Cook Islands,Costa Rica,Ecuador - mainland, French Polynesia,Guam,India - Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India - mainland,Indonesia,Japan,Kiribati,Macao,Madagascar,Maldives, Marshall Islands,Mauritius,Micronesia,Nauru,New Caledonia,Niue,Northern Mariana Islands,Palau,Panama,Papua New Guinea, Pitcairn Islands,Saint Helena,Samoa,Seychelles,Solomon Islands,South Africa,Tokelau,Tonga,Trinidad and Tobago,Tuvalu, United States - Hawaii,Vanuatu,Vietnam,
IOC 11.2 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
alba
islands of the tropical South Atlantic Ocean
candida
Seychelles and Mascarene Is. to the c Pacific (except ranges of next two ssp.)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
EU
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
