inland high Arctic Palearctic from Greenland to ne Siberia; to temperate Europe
Nonbreeding Range Subregions
to s Europe and Mediterranean, Azores to Cape Verde (Macaronesia, w of nw Africa); n and Sub-Saharan Africa, Seychelles, Comoros, Madagascar and the Mascarenes; Middle East to Persian Gulf region
Afghanistan,Albania,Algeria,Angola,Armenia,Australia,Austria,Azerbaijan,Bahrain,Barbados, Belarus,Belgium,Benin,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Botswana,Bulgaria,Burkina Faso,Burundi,Cameroon,Canada, Cape Verde,Central African Republic,Chad,Comoros,Congo,Croatia,Cyprus,Czech Republic,Democratic Republic of Congo,Denmark, Djibouti,Egypt,Equatorial Guinea,Eritrea,Estonia,Ethiopia,Finland,France,Gabon,Gambia, Georgia,Germany,Ghana,Greece,Greenland,Guam,Guinea,Guinea-Bissau,Hungary,Iceland, India - mainland,Iran,Iraq,Ireland,Israel,Ivory Coast,Japan,Jordan,Kazakhstan,Kenya, Kuwait,Kyrgyzstan,Latvia,Lebanon,Lesotho,Liberia,Libya,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Luxembourg, Madagascar,Malawi,Malaysia,Maldives,Mali,Malta,Mauritania,Mauritius,Mongolia,Montenegro, Morocco,Mozambique,Myanmar,Namibia,Netherlands,Niger,Nigeria,Norway,Oman,Pakistan, Palau,Palestine,Poland,Portugal,Qatar,Reunion,Romania,Russia,Rwanda,Saudi Arabia, Senegal,Serbia,Seychelles,Sierra Leone,Singapore,Slovakia,Slovenia,Somalia,South Africa,South Sudan, Spain,Sri Lanka,Sudan,Sweden,Switzerland,Syria,Taiwan,Tanzania,Thailand,Togo, Tunisia,Turkey,Turkmenistan,Uganda,Ukraine,United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom,Western Sahara,Yemen,Zambia, Zimbabwe,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
psammodromus
Arctic of North Atlantic: Ellesmere and Baffin is. (ne Canada, sporadic); Greenland, Iceland, Faroe Is. and Svalbard (n of Norway)
hiaticula
temperate e North Atlantic region: British Isles and nw France to s Scandinavia and Baltic States
tundrae
Arctic Ocean coasts, islands: n Scandinavia to Chukotskiy Pen. (ne Siberia) including Novaya Zemlya and New Siberian Is. (n of nw, ne Russia) and St. Lawrence I. (n Bering Sea; erratic)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
