Antigua and Barbuda,Argentina,Bahamas,Belize,Brazil,British Virgin Islands,Canada,Chile,Colombia,Costa Rica, Dominican Republic,Ecuador - Galapagos Islands,Ecuador - mainland,El Salvador,Guatemala,Haiti,Honduras,Mexico,Netherlands Antilles,Nicaragua, Panama,Peru,Puerto Rico,Saint Vincent and the Grenadines,Trinidad and Tobago,Turks and Caicos Islands,United States - mainland,Uruguay,Venezuela,Virgin Islands,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
palliatus
coastal e North Pacific from Coronado Is. (nw Baja California) and Gulf of California to s Panama, coastal wc Colombia to sc Chile; w North Atlantic coast from s Nova Scotia (se Canada; rare) and Massachusetts (ne USA) to Florida, n Gulf of Mexico coast t
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
