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Algeria,Angola,Australia,Austria,Bahamas,Belize,Benin,British Virgin Islands,Cambodia,Canada, Cape Verde,China,Denmark,Dominican Republic,Egypt,Eritrea,Ethiopia,France,French Guiana,Gambia, Ghana,Guinea,Guinea-Bissau,Guyana,Haiti,Honduras,India - Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India - mainland,Ireland,Ivory Coast, Jamaica,Japan,Kenya,Liberia,Libya,Madagascar,Malaysia,Maldives,Mali,Mauritania, Mexico,Mozambique,Myanmar,Namibia,Netherlands,Netherlands Antilles,New Caledonia,Nigeria,Norway,Oman, Papua New Guinea,Philippines,Poland,Portugal,Puerto Rico,Saudi Arabia,Senegal,Seychelles,Sierra Leone,Singapore, Solomon Islands,Somalia,South Africa,Spain,Sri Lanka,Switzerland,Taiwan,Tanzania,Thailand,Togo, Trinidad and Tobago,Tunisia,United Kingdom,United States - mainland,Venezuela,Vietnam,Virgin Islands,Western Sahara,Yemen,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
dougallii
islands and coasts of North Atlantic and continental w tropical Indian Ocean: Azores, British Isles and w France; Somalia to Tanzania (ne, e Africa) and s Africa; coastal se Canada and ne USA (w North Atlantic), Florida Keys, Belize cays, islands off n Ho
arideensis
w tropical Indian Ocean islands: Farquhar and Amirantes groups (c Seychelles) and Aride (nc Inner Is., ne Seychelles) to coastal w Madagascar and St. Brandon (=Cargados Carajos Shoals, n of Mascarenes)
korustes
c, ec tropical Indian Ocean: islands off w India and Sri Lanka, Andaman Is. and Mergui Arch. (sw Myanmar)
bangsi
islands off tropical and subtropical e Indian and w Pacific oceans: Ryukyu Is. (s Japan), e China, Con Dao Is. (se of Vietnam), s Thailand, Malay Pen., New Guinea satellites, Bismarck Arch., Solomon Is., Vanuatu and New Caledonia including Loyalty Is.
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
