Great Plains to Texas and n Louisiana; c California and Gulf of California coasts to Oaxaca (w Mexico), El Salvador and Nicaragua; w North Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea from Bahamas to Lesser Antilles, islands off
Antigua and Barbuda,Bahamas,Belize,Bermuda,Brazil,British Virgin Islands,Canada,Cayman Islands,Colombia,Costa Rica, Cuba,Dominican Republic,Ecuador - mainland,El Salvador,French Guiana,Guatemala,Guyana,Haiti,Honduras,Hong Kong, Jamaica,Mexico,Netherlands Antilles,Nicaragua,Panama,Peru,Puerto Rico,Suriname,Trinidad and Tobago,Turks and Caicos Islands, United States - Hawaii,United States - mainland,Venezuela,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
athalassos
Great Plains from Montana and North Dakota to New Mexico, Texas and n Louisiana
antillarum
w North Atlantic coast from Maine to Florida, Gulf of Mexico and Caribbean Sea from Bahamas to Lesser Antilles, islands off Yucatan Pen., Belize and n Honduras, ne Colombia and islands n of Venezuela
browni
c California and Gulf of California coasts to Oaxaca (w Mexico)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)