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Afghanistan,Albania,Algeria,Andorra,Armenia,Australia,Austria,Azerbaijan,Bahrain,Bangladesh, Belarus,Belgium,Bhutan,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Cambodia,China,Croatia,Cyprus,Czech Republic, Denmark,Egypt,Estonia,Finland,France,Georgia,Germany,Gibraltar,Greece,Hong Kong, Hungary,India - Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India - mainland,Indonesia,Iran,Iraq,Ireland,Israel,Italy,Japan, Jordan,Kazakhstan,Kuwait,Kyrgyzstan,Laos,Latvia,Lebanon,Libya,Liechtenstein,Lithuania, Luxembourg,Macao,Macedonia,Malaysia,Malta,Mauritania,Moldova,Monaco,Mongolia,Montenegro, Morocco,Myanmar,Nepal,Netherlands,North Korea,Norway,Oman,Pakistan,Palestine,Papua New Guinea, Philippines,Poland,Portugal,Qatar,Romania,Russia,San Marino,Saudi Arabia,Senegal,Serbia, Singapore,Slovakia,Slovenia,Solomon Islands,South Korea,South Sudan,Spain,Sri Lanka,Sudan,Sweden, Switzerland,Syria,Taiwan,Tajikistan,Thailand,Tunisia,Turkey,Turkmenistan,Ukraine,United Arab Emirates, United Kingdom,Uzbekistan,Vietnam,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
ispida
s Norway, the British Isles and n Spain to w Russia
atthis
s Spain and n Africa e to c Siberia, nw China and nw India
bengalensis
c India to se Siberia, Japan and se Asia
taprobana
s India and Sri Lanka
floresiana
Bali, Lombok to Wetar and Timor (Lesser Sundas)
hispidoides
Sulawesi, Moluccas, e, se New Guinea, D'Entrecasteaux and Louisiade Arch. (e of se New Guinea), Bismarck Arch. to Nissan Atoll (far e of New Britain) and Louisiade Arch.
salomonensis
Buka to Makira (n to se Solomon Is., but not Florida Is. or most outlying is.)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
