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widespread Europe and Macaronesia s to nw Africa and e to e Russia through Mongolia, ne China, Korean Pen., and Kyushu (s Japan); also e Kazakhstan to Afghanistan and w, c Himalayas
Nonbreeding Range Subregions
AF, OR : n, e Africa to s, se Asia, Ryukyu Is. (s Japan), Philippines, Indonesian Arch., New Guinea and outlying nw Australian is.
Afghanistan,Albania,Algeria,Andorra,Armenia,Australia,Austria,Azerbaijan,Bahrain,Bangladesh, Belarus,Belgium,Bhutan,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Cambodia,Canada,Central African Republic,China,Croatia, Cyprus,Czech Republic,Democratic Republic of Congo,Denmark,Djibouti,Egypt,Equatorial Guinea,Eritrea,Estonia,Ethiopia, Finland,France,Georgia,Germany,Ghana,Gibraltar,Greece,Guam,Hong Kong,Hungary, India - Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India - mainland,Indonesia,Iran,Iraq,Ireland,Israel,Italy,Japan,Jordan, Kazakhstan,Kenya,Kuwait,Kyrgyzstan,Laos,Lebanon,Libya,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Luxembourg, Macao,Macedonia,Malawi,Malaysia,Maldives,Mali,Malta,Mauritania,Micronesia,Moldova, Monaco,Mongolia,Montenegro,Morocco,Myanmar,Nepal,Netherlands,Niger,North Korea,Norway, Oman,Pakistan,Palau,Papua New Guinea,Philippines,Poland,Portugal,Qatar,Romania,Russia, Rwanda,San Marino,Saudi Arabia,Senegal,Serbia,Singapore,Slovakia,Slovenia,Somalia,South Korea, South Sudan,Spain,Sri Lanka,Sudan,Sweden,Switzerland,Syria,Taiwan,Tajikistan,Tanzania, Thailand,Tunisia,Turkey,Turkmenistan,Uganda,Ukraine,United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom,Uzbekistan,Vietnam, Yemen,Zambia,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
patriciae
Azores (all islands; nw Macaronesia, nw of n Africa)
schmitzi
Madeira and Porto Santo (Madeira group, nc Macaronesia, nw of n Africa)
cinerea
w Europe, w, c Canary Is. (c Macaronesia, nw of w Africa), nw Africa e to e Russia through Mongolia, ne China, Korean Pen., and Kyushu (s Japan); also e Kazakhstan to Afghanistan and w, c Himalayas
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)