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American Samoa,Australia,Bangladesh,Chile,China,Comoros,Cook Islands,Ethiopia,French Polynesia,India - mainland, Indonesia,Japan,Kenya,Kiribati,Madagascar,Marshall Islands,Mauritius,Mexico,Micronesia,Mozambique, Nauru,New Caledonia,New Zealand,Northern Mariana Islands,Pakistan,Palau,Papua New Guinea,Pitcairn Islands,Seychelles,South Africa, Thailand,Tokelau,Tonga,United States - Hawaii,Vanuatu,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
rubricauda
w Indian Ocean islands: Europa (w of s Madagascar, Mozambique Channel), Aldabra and Cosmoledo (Aldabra group, sw Seychelles), Aride (n Inner Is., ne Seychelles), Nosy Ve (sw Madagascar) and the Mascarenes
westralis
e Indian Ocean islands: Cocos (Keeling) and Christmas I. (s of Java), Rowley Shoals and Ashmore Reef (nw of Australia) and Sugarloaf Rock (off sw Australia); also (presumably this race) Gunungapi and Manuk (w, c Banda Sea, e Indonesia)
roseotinctus
e Australasian islands and sw Pacific: Great Barrier Reef islands, Lord Howe and Norfolk is. (far e of Australia) and Kermadec Is. (ne of New Zealand)
melanorhynchos
w, c, s Pacific islands: s Ryukyu (=Nansei Shoto), Ogasawara (=Bonin) and Iwo (=Volcano) is. (sw, se Japan) to Vanuatu and New Caledonia, e through Micronesia and Polynesia to Northwestern and main Hawaiian Is. and Easter and Salas y Gomez (Eastern Is. gr
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)