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Afghanistan,Albania,Algeria,Angola,Armenia,Austria,Azerbaijan,Bahrain,Belarus,Belgium, Benin,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Botswana,Bulgaria,Burkina Faso,Burundi,Cameroon,Central African Republic,Chad,China, Croatia,Cyprus,Czech Republic,Democratic Republic of Congo,Denmark,Djibouti,Egypt,Equatorial Guinea,Eritrea,Estonia, Ethiopia,Finland,France,Gabon,Gambia,Georgia,Germany,Ghana,Gibraltar,Greece, Guinea,Guinea-Bissau,Hungary,Iran,Iraq,Ireland,Israel,Italy,Ivory Coast,Jordan, Kazakhstan,Kenya,Kuwait,Kyrgyzstan,Latvia,Lebanon,Lesotho,Liberia,Libya,Liechtenstein, Lithuania,Luxembourg,Macedonia,Malawi,Mali,Malta,Mauritania,Moldova,Monaco,Montenegro, Morocco,Mozambique,Namibia,Netherlands,Niger,Nigeria,Norway,Oman,Pakistan,Palestine, Poland,Portugal,Qatar,Romania,Russia,Rwanda,San Marino,Saudi Arabia,Senegal,Serbia, Sierra Leone,Slovakia,Slovenia,Somalia,South Africa,South Sudan,Spain,Sudan,Swaziland,Sweden, Switzerland,Syria,Tajikistan,Tanzania,Togo,Tunisia,Turkey,Turkmenistan,Uganda,Ukraine, United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom,Uzbekistan,Western Sahara,Yemen,Zambia,Zimbabwe,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
scirpaceus
Europe to w Russia, Ukraine and w Turkey, nw Africa
hallae
sw Angola to sw Zambia and s to w South Africa
suahelicus
e Tanzania to e Mozambique and e South Africa
cinnamomeus
w Ethiopia and s Somalia s through South Sudan, Uganda, Kenya, Zambia and Mozambique; patchy distribution in w Africa from s Cameroon to possibly Niger and Mali
minor
Sahel region from Sengal to wc Sudan (Darfur)
ambiguus
Iberian Pen. and nw Africa
ammon
Oasis along the Libya-Egypt border region.
avicenniae
coasts of the Red Sea
fuscus
n Egypt and c Turkey through the Middle East to se European Russia, n Iran, Kazakhstan and nw China
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
