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Afghanistan,Albania,Algeria,Armenia,Australia,Austria,Azerbaijan,Bahrain,Bangladesh,Belarus, Belgium,Benin,Bhutan,Bosnia and Herzegovina,Bulgaria,Burkina Faso,Burundi,Cambodia,Cameroon,Cape Verde, Central African Republic,Chad,China,Congo,Croatia,Cyprus,Czech Republic,Democratic Republic of Congo,Denmark,Djibouti, Egypt,Equatorial Guinea,Eritrea,Estonia,Ethiopia,Finland,France,Gabon,Gambia,Georgia, Germany,Ghana,Greece,Guam,Guinea,Guinea-Bissau,Hong Kong,Hungary,India - Andaman and Nicobar Islands,India - mainland, Indonesia,Iran,Iraq,Israel,Italy,Ivory Coast,Japan,Jordan,Kazakhstan,Kenya, Kuwait,Kyrgyzstan,Laos,Latvia,Lebanon,Liberia,Libya,Liechtenstein,Lithuania,Luxembourg, Macao,Macedonia,Malaysia,Maldives,Mali,Malta,Mauritania,Moldova,Mongolia,Montenegro, Morocco,Myanmar,Namibia,Nepal,Netherlands,Niger,Nigeria,North Korea,Norway,Oman, Pakistan,Palau,Palestine,Papua New Guinea,Philippines,Poland,Portugal,Qatar,Romania,Russia, Rwanda,Sao Tome and Principe,Saudi Arabia,Senegal,Serbia,Sierra Leone,Singapore,Slovakia,Slovenia,Somalia, South Korea,South Sudan,Spain,Sri Lanka,Sudan,Sweden,Switzerland,Syria,Taiwan,Tajikistan, Tanzania,Thailand,Togo,Tunisia,Turkey,Turkmenistan,Uganda,Ukraine,United Arab Emirates,United Kingdom, Uzbekistan,Vietnam,Western Sahara,Yemen,Zambia,
IOC 13.1 Subspecies
Group
Subspecies
Breeding Range
curonicus
British Isles, s, c Scandinavia, Iberian Pen. and n Africa, across Russia to Sea of Okhotsk and Ussuriland, s through Turkey, Middle East to Iran, n Mongolia to ec China, Korean Pen., Taiwan and Hokkaido to Kyushu (n to s Japan)
jerdoni
India to s China, n, c Thailand, e Cambodia and nc, se Vietnam
dubius
Philippines, New Guinea, New Ireland and New Britain (e Bismarck Arch.)
Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara)
AN
Antarctica
AO
Atlantic Ocean
AU
Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu)
PAL
Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan)
IO
Indian Ocean
LA
Latin America (Middle and South America)
MA
Middle America (Mexico through Panama)
NA
North America (includes the Caribbean)
NO
Northern oceans
OR
Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the Philippines, and Greater Sundas)
