IUCN and region codes at bottom of page.
Species |
Family |
Scientific name |
Breeding Regions |
Breeding Subregions |
Nonbreeding Subregions |
| - CHARADRIIFORMES |
| American Herring Gull i | Laridae | Larus smithsonianus | NA | n, w Alaska and n Yukon across subarctic Canada to Baffin I. and Newfoundland, s on e North Pacific coast to sc British Columbia; e to Great Lakes, inland ne USA and w North Atlantic coast s to North Carolina | Aleutian Is., e North Pacific coast to Nayarit (nc Mexico), Gulf of Mexico coast and inland to Honduras, Caribbean to Bahamas, Cuba and Cayman Is.; rarer farther s |
| Armenian Gull i | Laridae | Larus armenicus | PAL | lakes of s Georgia, Armenia, e Turkey and nw Iran | to e Mediterranean, s Black and s Caspian seas, and Persian Gulf |
| Belcher's Gull i | Laridae | Larus belcheri | SA | w coast and islets of South America from n Peru to n Chile | some move to coasts of n Ecuador and c Chile |
| Black-tailed Gull i | Laridae | Larus crassirostris | PAL | coasts and islets of e Siberia, Sakhalin and Kuril Is. (se Russia), Hokkaido and Honshu (n, c Japan), Korean Pen., e China and Matsu Is. (=Lienchiang County; w of Taiwan) | Japan, Korean Pen., East China Sea s to Philippines |
| California Gull i | Laridae | Larus californicus | NA | c Northwest Territories to c Manitoba (c Canada) to ne South Dakota; e Washington to Montana and s to Colorado and c California | e North Pacific coast from s British Columbia (sw Canada) to wc Mexico |
| Caspian Gull i | Laridae | Larus cachinnans | PAL | inland s Poland and Hungary e through Black, Caspian and Aral seas to e Kazakhstan | to se Europe, Black Sea, e Mediterranean, Persian Gulf and n Arabian Sea |
| Common Gull i | Laridae | Larus canus | NA, PAL | Iceland and nw, c Europe to Kamchatka (e Siberia) | Europe to n Africa, Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas, Persian Gulf; Sea of Okhotsk (se Russia), Japan, Korean Pen. to se China |
| European Herring Gull i | Laridae | Larus argentatus | PAL | coastal and inland Iceland to w France and nw, sw Russia | |
| Glaucous Gull i | Laridae | Larus hyperboreus | PAL, NA | circumpolar Arctic coasts | coasts of Hudson Bay to ne Canada, Greenland, Iceland, nw Europe (n North Atlantic); Sea of Okhotsk, Japan, sw Alaska and sw Canada; widely vagrant farther s and inland |
| Glaucous-winged Gull i | Laridae | Larus glaucescens | PAL, NA | coastal North Pacific in e Siberia, Kamchatka, Kuril and Commander is. (e Russia); Aleutian and Pribilof is., sw Alaska mainland to n Washington | to Japan and California |
| Great Black-backed Gull i | Laridae | Larus marinus | NA, PAL | North Atlantic coasts, from sw, se Greenland, Iceland to nw Europe, Svalbard (n of Norway) and Baltic states (nw Russia); coastal and inland ne Canada to Great Lakes (scarce) and coasts to New Jersey | to coastal sw Europe (e North Atlantic) and coastal Florida (w North Atlantic) |
| Heermann's Gull (NT) i | Laridae | Larus heermanni | NA, MA | I. Rasa (n Gulf of California; 90-95%); sporadic breeding on islets from Seaside (c California) and Baja California to Nayarit (w Mexico) | coasts from s British Columbia (sw Canada) to sw Mexico |
| Iceland Gull i | Laridae | Larus glaucoides | NA, PAL | Arctic ne Canada to Greenland | coastal Iceland to nw Europe, Labrador to wc North Atlantic coast, and ec North Pacific coast |
| Kelp Gull i | Laridae | Larus dominicanus | SA, AU, AF | coasts of s continents and is., mostly temperate to Antarctic waters | |
| Lesser Black-backed Gull i | Laridae | Larus fuscus | PAL | Greenland, Iceland, w Europe to nc Siberia | to sw Europe, wc, ec Africa, nw India, and e North America |
| Olrog's Gull (NT) i | Laridae | Larus atlanticus | SA | coastal s Buenos Aires and Chubut provinces (ne, ec Argentina) | some move to coasts of se Brazil |
| Pacific Gull i | Laridae | Larus pacificus | AU | coasts of sw to se Australia and Tasmania | |
| Ring-billed Gull i | Laridae | Larus delawarensis | NA | inland e British Columbia to s Northwest Territories, s James Bay to Labrador and Newfoundland (c, s Canada), Pacific Northwest states and Great Lakes (n contiguous USA) | to coastal and inland s US, s Mexico, Bahamas and Greater Antilles |
| Short-billed Gull i | Laridae | Larus brachyrhynchus | NA | w, n Alaska mainland s to Vancouver I. (sw British Columbia), and nw Canada e to nw Alberta | e North Pacific coast from s British Columbia (sw Canada) to nw Baja California (nw Mexico) |
| Slaty-backed Gull i | Laridae | Larus schistisagus | PAL | coasts and lakes of ne Siberia s of Anadyr, Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin, Kuril Is. (e Russia), ne China, and Hokkaido and n Honshu (n Japan) | to coasts of Japan and Korean Pen., Bohai Sea (ne China) and Taiwan; prone to extreme vagrancy elsewhere |
| Vega Gull i | Laridae | Larus vegae | PAL | inland sc Russia, Mongolia, Heilongjiang (ne China) and w Korean Pen.; coastal Arctic c, e Siberia to n Bering Sea | Japan, Korean Pen., e China and Taiwan |
| Western Gull i | Laridae | Larus occidentalis | NA, MA | w North Pacific coast from nw Washington to I. Guadelupe and c Baja California (nw Mexico) | to s British Columbia and s Baja California (nw Mexico) |
| Yellow-footed Gull i U | Laridae | Larus livens | NA, MA | islets in Gulf of California, from Roca Consag to La Paz Bay | to Salton Sea (sc California) and throughout Gulf of California (nw Mexico) |
| Yellow-legged Gull i | Laridae | Larus michahellis | PAL | coastal and inland s, w, c Europe, Macaronesia, Mediterranean and nw Africa | |
91% 22 species of 24 (0 extinct).
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| IUCN Status Codes |
| EX | Extinct |
| EW | Extinct in the wild |
| CR | Critically Endangered |
| EN | Endangered |
| VU | Vulnerable |
| NT | Near Threatened |
| LC | Least Concern |
| DD | Data deficient |
| NE | Not evaluated |
LC not shown.
|
|
| Breeding Range Codes |
| AF | Africa (entire continent rather than south of Sahara) |
| AN | Antarctica |
| AO | Atlantic Ocean |
| AU | Australasia (Wallacea (Indonesian islands east of Wallace's line), New Guinea
and its islands, Australia, New Zealand and its subantarctic islands, the
Solomons, New Caledonia, and Vanuatu) |
| PAL | Eurasia (Europe, Asia from the Middle East through central Asia north of the
Himalayas, Siberia and northern China to Japan) |
| IO | Indian Ocean |
| LA | Latin America (Middle and South America) |
| MA | Middle America (Mexico through Panama) |
| NA | North America (includes the Caribbean) |
| NO | Northern oceans |
| OR | Oriental Region (South Asia from Pakistan to Taiwan, plus Southeast Asia, the
Philippines, and Greater Sundas) |
| PO | Pacific Ocean |
| SA | South America |
| SO | Southern oceans |
| TO | Temperate oceans |
| TrO | Tropical oceans |
| Worldwide | Worldwide |
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