Species |
Family |
Scientific name |
Breeding Regions |
Breeding Subregions |
Nonbreeding Subregions |
| - CHARADRIIFORMES |
| American Herring Gull i | Laridae | Larus smithsonianus | NA | n, w Alaska and n Yukon across subarctic Canada to Baffin I. and Newfoundland, s on e North Pacific coast to sc British Columbia; e to Great Lakes, inland ne USA and w North Atlantic coast s to North Carolina | Aleutian Is., e North Pacific coast to Nayarit (nc Mexico), Gulf of Mexico coast and inland to Honduras, Caribbean to Bahamas, Cuba and Cayman Is.; rarer farther s |
| Andean Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus serranus | SA | Andes of far sw Colombia to sc Chile and sw Argentina | some move to adjacent Pacific coast |
| Armenian Gull i | Laridae | Larus armenicus | PAL | lakes of s Georgia, Armenia, e Turkey and nw Iran | to e Mediterranean, s Black and s Caspian seas, and Persian Gulf |
| Audouin's Gull i | Laridae | Ichthyaetus audouinii | PAL | e North Atlantic coast of s Portugal and Spain; coasts and islets of Mediterranean and associated seas to Cyprus and s Turkey | to coast of Gambia (tropical North Atlantic) |
| Belcher's Gull i | Laridae | Larus belcheri | SA | w coast and islets of South America from n Peru to n Chile | some move to coasts of n Ecuador and c Chile |
| Black-billed Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus bulleri | AU | mostly on braided rivers, North and South Is. (New Zealand) | some move to coasts |
| Black-headed Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus ridibundus | PAL | coastal far s Greenland, inland Iceland, temperate and subarctic w Europe across Russia to Yakutsk region, Kamchatka, Sakhalin (e Russia); in south through Caspian Sea, n Central Asia, n, c Mongolia and ne China; also wc Newfoundland (se Canada) | AF, IO, OR : to coasts and offshore waters of n Atlantic Canada, se Greenland, North Sea and w Atlantic to Mediterranean and marginal seas; to Canary Is. and wc Africa; Arabian Sea and associated gulfs, n Indian Ocean; w North Pacific coasts from Japan to |
| Black-tailed Gull i | Laridae | Larus crassirostris | PAL | coasts and islets of e Siberia, Sakhalin and Kuril Is. (se Russia), Hokkaido and Honshu (n, c Japan), Korean Pen., e China and Matsu Is. (=Lienchiang County; w of Taiwan) | Japan, Korean Pen., East China Sea s to Philippines |
| Bonaparte's Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus philadelphia | NA | boreal forest zone from sw Alaska mainland and nw, sw Canada to e Quebec (se Canada) | e North Pacific coast to wc Mexico; inland se US; w North Atlantic coast and offshore Gulf Stream to Florida, the Bahamas and Cuba |
| Brown-headed Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus brunnicephalus | PAL | inland Tibetan Plateau of Tajikistan, Xinjiang (w China), Ladakh (far nw India) and Tibet | inland and coastal Indian Subcontinent, sw China, w se Asia |
| Brown-hooded Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus maculipennis | SA | inland and coastal se Brazil, c Chile, nc Argentina and Falkland Is. | |
| California Gull i | Laridae | Larus californicus | NA | c Northwest Territories to c Manitoba (c Canada) to ne South Dakota; e Washington to Montana and s to Colorado and c California | e North Pacific coast from s British Columbia (sw Canada) to wc Mexico |
| Caspian Gull i | Laridae | Larus cachinnans | PAL | inland s Poland and Hungary e through Black, Caspian and Aral seas to e Kazakhstan | to se Europe, Black Sea, e Mediterranean, Persian Gulf and n Arabian Sea |
| Common Gull i | Laridae | Larus canus | NA, PAL | Iceland and nw, c Europe to Kamchatka (e Siberia) | Europe to n Africa, Mediterranean, Black and Caspian seas, Persian Gulf; Sea of Okhotsk (se Russia), Japan, Korean Pen. to se China |
| Dolphin Gull i | Laridae | Leucophaeus scoresbii | SA | coastal c, s Chile and Argentina to Tierra del Fuego; Falkland Is. | some move n on coasts |
| European Herring Gull i | Laridae | Larus argentatus | PAL | coastal and inland Iceland to w France and nw, sw Russia | |
| Franklin's Gull i | Laridae | Leucophaeus pipixcan | NA | prairie marshes of w, n Alberta and ec Oregon to sw Manitoba (wc, ec Canada) and nw Minnesota | to w South Pacific coast from Ecuador and Galápagos to c Chile |
| Glaucous Gull i | Laridae | Larus hyperboreus | PAL, NA | circumpolar Arctic coasts | coasts of Hudson Bay to ne Canada, Greenland, Iceland, nw Europe (n North Atlantic); Sea of Okhotsk, Japan, sw Alaska and sw Canada; widely vagrant farther s and inland |
| Glaucous-winged Gull i | Laridae | Larus glaucescens | PAL, NA | coastal North Pacific in e Siberia, Kamchatka, Kuril and Commander is. (e Russia); Aleutian and Pribilof is., sw Alaska mainland to n Washington | to Japan and California |
| Great Black-backed Gull i | Laridae | Larus marinus | NA, PAL | North Atlantic coasts, from sw, se Greenland, Iceland to nw Europe, Svalbard (n of Norway) and Baltic states (nw Russia); coastal and inland ne Canada to Great Lakes (scarce) and coasts to New Jersey | to coastal sw Europe (e North Atlantic) and coastal Florida (w North Atlantic) |
| Grey Gull i | Laridae | Leucophaeus modestus | SA | Atacama Desert (n Chile) | to coasts of Ecuador to c Chile |
| Grey-headed Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus cirrocephalus | SA, AF | coastal and inland Africa s of the Sahara and Madagascar; coastal Ecuador and Peru; s Uruguay and ne Argentina to Santa Fe (nc Argentina) | |
| Hartlaub's Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus hartlaubii | AF | coastal c Namibia to W Cape, s Africa | |
| Heermann's Gull (NT) i | Laridae | Larus heermanni | NA, MA | I. Rasa (n Gulf of California; 90-95%); sporadic breeding on islets from Seaside (c California) and Baja California to Nayarit (w Mexico) | coasts from s British Columbia (sw Canada) to sw Mexico |
| Iceland Gull i | Laridae | Larus glaucoides | NA, PAL | Arctic ne Canada to Greenland | coastal Iceland to nw Europe, Labrador to wc North Atlantic coast, and ec North Pacific coast |
| Ivory Gull (NT) i | Laridae | Pagophila eburnea | PAL, NA | high Arctic is. from Greenland, Svalbard (n of Norway), Franz Josef Land to Herald I. (e of Wrangel I., n of Chukotka Pen.; n Russia) and n Canada | Arctic Ocean pack-ice edge to se Greenland, Labrador and Bering seas |
| Kelp Gull i | Laridae | Larus dominicanus | SA, AU, AF | coasts of s continents and is., mostly temperate to Antarctic waters | |
| Laughing Gull i | Laridae | Leucophaeus atricilla | NA, MA, SA | islands off w North Atlantic coast of Maine to Florida, Gulf of Mexico to s Texas; Yucatan Pen.; Gulf of California to Colima; West Indies, islands off Yucatan Pen., and islands n of Venezuela, Trinidad, Tobago and to French Guiana | |
| Lava Gull i | Laridae | Leucophaeus fuliginosus | SA | coasts of Galápagos | |
| Lesser Black-backed Gull i | Laridae | Larus fuscus | PAL | Greenland, Iceland, w Europe to nc Siberia | to sw Europe, wc, ec Africa, nw India, and e North America |
| Little Gull i | Laridae | Hydrocoloeus minutus | PAL | Baltic region of e, n Europe to w Siberia and n Kazakhstan, nw, nc Mongolia (rare); Siberia e of Lake Baikal to Sea of Okhotsk and ne China; rare Great Lakes, Hudson and James bays (ec Canada) | e North Atlantic coasts, North, Mediterranean, Baltic, Black, and Caspian seas; w North Atlantic coast from New England to North Carolina |
| Mediterranean Gull i | Laridae | Ichthyaetus melanocephalus | PAL | inland s Britain and e Spain to sw Russia, Ukraine and Azerbaijan | coasts of e North Atlantic from s Ireland and Britain to Canary Is. (Macaronesia, w of nw Africa) and wc Africa; Black Sea, and throughout Mediterranean and associated seas |
| Mongolian Gull i | Laridae | Larus mongolicus | PAL | Altai Republic to Lake Baikal (sc Russia) and Mongolia; Lake Khanka (Heilongjiang, ne China); and Yellow Sea is. (w Korean Pen.) | coastal Japan, Korean Pen., e China and Taiwan |
| Olrog's Gull (NT) i | Laridae | Larus atlanticus | SA | coastal s Buenos Aires and Chubut provinces (ne, ec Argentina) | some move to coasts of se Brazil |
| Pacific Gull i | Laridae | Larus pacificus | AU | coasts of sw to se Australia and Tasmania | |
| Pallas's Gull i | Laridae | Ichthyaetus ichthyaetus | PAL | patchily on lake islands from Crimea to Kazakhstan, w, s Mongolia, Gansu, Qinghai and Inner Mongolia (w, c China) | to coasts of Black, Caspian, and Aral seas; Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea and Bay of Bengal (North Indian Ocean) to Bangladesh and Gulf of Martaban (sc Myanmar); also large n, c rivers of India and Myanmar |
| Relict Gull i U | Laridae | Ichthyaetus relictus | PAL | lakes of ne Kazakhstan, Mongolia, Inner Mongolia and Shaanxi (nc China) and Transbaikalia (se Russia) | rare to coasts of Korean Pen., Bohai Bay, Yellow Sea and East China Sea |
| Ring-billed Gull i | Laridae | Larus delawarensis | NA | inland e British Columbia to s Northwest Territories, s James Bay to Labrador and Newfoundland (c, s Canada), Pacific Northwest states and Great Lakes (n contiguous USA) | to coastal and inland s US, s Mexico, Bahamas and Greater Antilles |
| Ross's Gull i | Laridae | Rhodostethia rosea | PAL, NA | w, e Greenland (rare); Arctic ne Siberia, locally from Taimyr Pen. to Kolyma River; Arctic ne Canada and formerly Churchill, Manitoba (wc Hudson Bay, ec Canada) | Arctic Ocean, in Beaufort (n of Alaska) and Labrador seas (at least) |
| Sabine's Gull i | Laridae | Xema sabini | PAL, NA | patchily on Arctic coasts of nw, e Greenland, Svalbard (n of Norway), ne Siberia from Taimyr Pen. to Wrangel I. (n of Chukotka Pen.) and Gulf of Anadyr (e Chukotka Pen.; ne Russia); St. Lawrence I. (n Bering Sea), w, n Alaska and Arctic Canada | coastal and offshore waters of n South America to n Chile and w Africa from Angola to s, se Africa |
| Saunders's Gull (VU) i | Laridae | Saundersilarus saundersi | PAL | coastal Liaoning to Jiangsu (Yellow Sea, e China) and Songdo (nw South Korea) | coasts of East China Sea from Japan and Korean Pen. to Taiwan and n South China Sea to n Vietnam |
| Short-billed Gull i | Laridae | Larus brachyrhynchus | NA | w, n Alaska mainland s to Vancouver I. (sw British Columbia), and nw Canada e to nw Alberta | e North Pacific coast from s British Columbia (sw Canada) to nw Baja California (nw Mexico) |
| Silver Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus novaehollandiae | AU | inland s Australia and coastal throughout Australia; coastal New Zealand and outlying is. and New Caledonia | |
| Slaty-backed Gull i | Laridae | Larus schistisagus | PAL | coasts and lakes of ne Siberia s of Anadyr, Kamchatka, Sea of Okhotsk, Sakhalin, Kuril Is. (e Russia), ne China, and Hokkaido and n Honshu (n Japan) | to coasts of Japan and Korean Pen., Bohai Sea (ne China) and Taiwan; prone to extreme vagrancy elsewhere |
| Slender-billed Gull i | Laridae | Chroicocephalus genei | PAL, AF | patchily on coasts and saline lakes of s Iberian Pen., s Europe, Black and Caspian seas and Turkey to Central Asia, Pakistan and coastal far nw India; Mauritania, Senegal and Gambia | to coasts of Arabian Pen. and w India |
| Sooty Gull i | Laridae | Ichthyaetus hemprichii | AF, PAL | islands of Red Sea, Gulf of Aden, Socotra, nw Indian Ocean to ne Kenya, Persian Gulf and nw Arabian Sea to s Pakistan | to Gulf of Aqaba (se Israel) and c Tanzania and Zanzibar |
| Swallow-tailed Gull i | Laridae | Creagrus furcatus | SA | Galápagos and Malpelo I. (far w of Colombia) | to Humboldt Current off Ecuador to n Chile |
| Vega Gull i | Laridae | Larus vegae | PAL | Arctic c, e Siberia from Taimyr to Chukotka, New Siberian Is. (far nc Russia) and St. Lawrence I. (n Bering Sea) | to coasts of Japan, Korean Pen. and e China |
| Western Gull i | Laridae | Larus occidentalis | NA, MA | w North Pacific coast from nw Washington to I. Guadelupe and c Baja California (nw Mexico) | to s British Columbia and s Baja California (nw Mexico) |
| White-eyed Gull i | Laridae | Ichthyaetus leucophthalmus | AF | islands off Red Sea coasts | throughout Red Sea |
| Yellow-footed Gull i U | Laridae | Larus livens | NA, MA | islets in Gulf of California, from Roca Consag to La Paz Bay | to Salton Sea (sc California) and throughout Gulf of California (nw Mexico) |
| Yellow-legged Gull i | Laridae | Larus michahellis | PAL | coastal and inland s, w, c Europe, Macaronesia, Mediterranean and nw Africa | |
88% 46 species of 52 (0 extinct).
